Karbonhidrat Nedir
kaynağı değiştir]
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- ^Pigman, Ward; Anet, E.F.L.J. (). "Chapter 4: Mutarotations and Actions of Acids and Bases". Pigman and Horton (Ed.). The Carbohydrates: Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol 1A (2nd bas.). San Diego: Academic Press. ss.&#; ISBN&#;&#;
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- ^PhD, Halil Ibrahim Akgul (8 Ekim ). "Karbonhidratlar; Vücuttaki Görevleri, Önemi ve Günlük İhtiyaç". Gıda ve Sağlık (İngilizce). 22 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık &#;
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- ^"Carbohydrate reference list"(PDF). funduszeue.info. 14 Mart tarihinde kaynağından(PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Ekim &#;
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- ^Food and Nutrition Board (/). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids 10 Şubat tarihinde funduszeue.info sitesinde arşivlendi. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. s. 12 Eylül tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
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- ^Joint WHO/FAO expert consultation (), Carbohydrates in human nutrition, chapter 1 15 Ocak tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^ab"Carbohydrates". The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health. 18 Eylül 13 Ocak tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Nisan &#;
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- ^Hedley, C. L. (). Carbohydrates in Grain Legume Seeds: Improving Nutritional Quality and Agronomic Characteristics (İngilizce). CABI. s.&#; ISBN&#; 24 Nisan tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Nisan &#;
- ^DHHS ve USDA, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 20 Ağustos tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
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- ^Churuangsuk C, Kherouf M, Combet E, Lean M (). "Low-carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: a systematic review of the systematic reviews"(PDF). Obesity Reviews (Systematic review). 19 (12): doi/obr PMID&#; 23 Eylül tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi(PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Nisan &#;
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- ^Hall KD (). "A review of the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Review). 71 (3): doi/ejcn PMID&#;&#;
- ^Mansoor N, Vinknes KJ, Veierød MB, Retterstøl K (February ). "Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". The British Journal of Nutrition. (3): doi/S PMID&#;&#;
- ^Gjuladin-Hellon T, Davies IG, Penson P, Amiri Baghbadorani R (). "Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"(PDF). Nutrition Reviews (Systematic review). 77 (3): doi/nutrit/nuy PMID&#; 6 Mayıs tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi(PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Nisan &#;
- ^Brouns F (). "Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet recommendable?". Eur J Nutr (Review). 57 (4): doi/sy. PMC&#;&#;$2. PMID&#;&#;
- ^Meng Y, Bai H, Wang S, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen L (). "Efficacy of low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. : doi/funduszeue.infos PMID&#;&#;
- ^abAmerican Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (). "Professional Practice Committee: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—". Diabetes Care. 42 (Supplement 1): ss doi/dcS PMID&#; 18 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Nisan &#;
- ^Seckold R, Fisher E, de Bock M, King BR, Smart CE (). "The ups and downs of low-carbohydrate diets in the management of Type 1 diabetes: a review of clinical outcomes". Diabet. Med. (Review). 36 (3): doi/dme PMID&#;&#;
- ^abc"Top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in ". British Dietetic Association. 7 Aralık 6 Şubat tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Aralık &#;
- ^abMaughan, Ron (June ). "Surgery Oxford". funduszeue.info.&#;[ölü/kırık bağlantı]
- ^Mehta, Sweety (9 Ekim ). "Energetics of Cellular Respiration (Glucose Metabolism)". Biochemistry Notes, Notes. 17 Kasım tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.&#;
Karbonhidratlar | ||||||||||
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| Genel | Aldoz&#;· Ketoz&#;· Piranoz&#;· Furanoz | |||||||||
| Geometri | Siklohekzan uyumu&#;· Anomer&#;· Döndürme açısı | |||||||||
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